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Redemption & Initiation
Redemption of the First Male Born (Pidyon Haben)

Moroccan Jews practice redemption rituals. There is practically no difference between Moroccan Jews and Jews elsewhere.


Legends

According to legendary accounts, the redemption of the first-born son came about due to very special circumstances. For God intended the first-born of each Hebrew to be a priest (Cohen) in God’s service in order to spread Torah in the world (Exodus 13:1-2, Exodus 24:5 see Rashi’s intrpretation).However, while Moses climbed Mount Sinai to fetch the Commandments, the Hebrews adored the Golden Calf. When Moses came down from Mount Sinai, he broke the Tablets, and appealed for the support of the Hebrews who chose God rather than the idol (Exodus 32:26). As the tribe of Levi chose God first, it was ordained to serve the priesthood. As the rest of the Hebrews were not deemed fit to be priests, God decreed that each family's first-born son would forfeit their Cohen status through redemption (Numbers 3:11-12). In essence, as the first-born sons from non-Levite tribes could no longer serve as priests and had to be replaced a Levite, a redemption value of five silver coins was due. In this context, it is worthwhile mentioning that ancient Hebrews had a tradition of dedicating the first-born son to the house of Shem to study and spread the word of God, i.e., righteousness in the world. Isaac, among others, attended such schools. Prophets may have been trained in such schools too, i.e., Elijah. As not every family could bear giving up its child to dedicate its life to the priesthood, redemption was used to relieve the first-born son from the prescribed duty. Redemption may also be related to the Exodus from Egypt and the killing of the Egyptian first-born children, one of the plagues used to force Pharaoh to let the Hebrews go. As God’s messengers spared the Hebrew first-born children, redemption is due to commemorate the event. Some also claim that as it is natural for parents to love their first-born son so much, redemption represents an acknowledgement that everything we own belongs to God (Numbers 3:13).


Initiation or Hatunah Bezei’r Anpin

Moroccan Jews introduce their children to Torah learning at very early stages of their lives. One very special ceremony known as ‘Hatunah bezei’r anpin’ or a small symbolic wedding takes place around the age of three, most often in conjunction with the Festival of Shavuo’t or Pentecost. The ritual is also called ‘al ktab’ in Arabic, meaning contract or engagement.
Usually, a group of children about three years old are called to the Torah podium as if they were ‘grooms.’ The march of the children towards the Torah is accompanied with chants (piyutim) and the children are showered with candies. The ritual, which is said to wed the youngsters to Torah, aims to introduce toddlers to learning at a very early age. It appears to be an initiation ritual geared to integrate the newborn into the community at a very young age at least in a symbolic manner, hence the symbolic marriage to the Torah in the synagogue.