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Circumcision is the removal of the foreskin. It is an ancient ritual practiced by the Hebrews since the time of Abraham, the patriarch (1800-1700 BCE). It is meant to symbolize a pact, which bound Abraham to a Universal Divine, way before Hebrews adopted the Torah in Mount Sinai (about 1300-1200 BCE). Male Children are circumcised eight days after birth. The same applies to slaves owned by Hebrews (Genesis 17: 9-14). Then the child is given a name. A brief recitation follows, stressing that ‘the little boy will grow up to be a man.’ The infant is seated on the Elijah Chair in the midst of the congregation while it feasts on a festive meal. Moroccan Jews conform to basic Jewish traditions in all matters relating to circumcision. In this sense there is no difference between them and other orthodox Jews. Moroccan Jews, however, have special customs. Learning and AtonementThe newborn is given 8 days to recuperate from the shock of birth before he is circumcised, seven days to mourn the loss of the Torah he learnt before birth and one Sabbath to be reacquainted with Heaven, because Friday at sundown, the Divine comes down to earth to honour the infant as he lies on the altar. Saturday before circumcision, the home is transformed into a Temple (synagogue or place of prayer) for the infant to hear the Torah re
Moroccan Jews appear to have preserved very ancient traditions, for they recall tales which recount that Abraham took away the sword that contained Lilith’s power. They believe that Lilith has no power in the Holy Land but in Morocco, her might remained potent. Thus people chanted incantations prescribed to guard the newborn from undue harm. At midnight, doors and windows closed and elderly men recited: ’A male and a female of every species came on board Noah's Arch and Heaven sealed the arch before flood covered the land,’ tucking Lilith’s sword (an ordinary knife) under the mother’s pillow, while she chants: ‘O midwife, O pure one, your labour is greater than mine. Your delivery is my blessing. In day seven, when I rise, O midwife, I will make you queen.’ Then a prayer leader recites Jacob’s benediction to Ephraim: ‘May the angels bless your children and may they multiply like fish in the sea’ (Genesis 48:6, 49:22). ‘May God save you from harm and darkness and spare you dangers and misfortunes’ (Psalm 91). ‘May you be blessed and may Light shine upon you’ (Numbers 6: 22-27). ‘May you sleep with no fear and rise blessed every day’ (Proverbs 3:24). The pact of IsaacThe night before circumcision is commemorated as Isaac's eve. According to Jewish mythology, Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, the patriarchs, made a powerful team that prevented armies of envious angels from snatching souls of newborn babies since 1900 BCE or thereabouts. It was a war of light against darkness. Friends and family members played a role in this war on Isaac’s eve. On this occasion, the night before circumcision, friends gather from close and far to face the angels’ threat upfront. A candle is lit at the head of the infant’s bed and the congregation chants Psalms. When the moon reaches its peak, the assembly studies Torah, neglecting not the Book of Splendour, until dawn chases the remains of last night's darkness.
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